Editorial portrait Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Editorial portrait - Essay Example This is determined by indoor or outdoor situations where the approach is to light the interior and subject and calculate the exposure based on the interior and exterior lighting. A perfect example is the work of Art P Suwansang on the bridal image with outdoor lighting. This enables the photographer to take perfect photos valid for editorial portrait (Rand & Meyer, 125). The beauty of an editorial portrait is also determined by the wardrobe of the correspondents. This implies that clothes are essential factor in setting the scene and outlining hidden information behind the portrait. Many viewers and readers determine the feel of the portrait using clothes worn by correspondents. It places a subject in specific time to match the situation and motive of the portrait. For instance, renowned photographer Anna Williams believes that having the best wardrobe combination is a perfect idea in photography. That is why shirt or any piece of clothing may inspire viewers and readers in a photo. At the same time, a black leather jacket may inspire a rebel without cause themed shoot (Garret 1). Props also play an important role in telling a story in editorial portraits. An individual can use props to accentuate their message to their viewers and readers. According to Benning Arjan, a popular photographer, taking portraits entails gathering simple objects. When taking pictures, photographers should incorporate an interesting chair, an old clock or unique pair of glass to inspire an entire shoot. Keep the props in mind to fit the concept that has been developed for an entire shoot (Adler, 9). In conclusion, it is evident that environment, wardrobe and props are essential factors in creating a perfect editorial portrait. The photographers should be cautious in the entire shoot in order to come up with an interesting and fascinating picture for the readers and

Contemporary Designers Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Designers Essay Contemporary designers are creators of objects, buildings or surroundings that rely on characteristics such as lines, smooth and sleek surfaces, very little intricate details. There designs are spacious and/or comfortable, with the asset of clutter. However they must study design history because to open their mind to the past they will learn new ideas and ideologies, â€Å"To know nothing of what happened before you were born is to remain forever a child,† Marcus Tullius Cicero, a famous philosopher (106-43 BC)1. The 3 main reasons why learning design history is useful are firstly because it will help advance and learn from success and failures. Secondly to maintain sustainability within our world for future generations and thirdly to learn more about other past cultures. Researching history is valuable in learning from successes and failures for contemporary designers. Confucius (551–479 BC) a famous Chinese teacher and philosopher supports this and explains how we should â€Å"Study the past if you would define the future.†2 From ancient civilisations we have learnt to take these valuable skills and accomplishments to help build our outstanding society today. For example Roman buildings (27BC- 476 AD) has lasted for more than 2,000 years and they have given us 3 main successful architectural elements to learn and base new designs upon: the arch, the vault, and concrete. The main one of these for contemporary designers to look upon is the arch and concrete in which we can use their useful elements of strength to help buildings last longer. The Pont du Gard Aqueduct Bridge (seen in Appendix Picture 1) in France is a great element that was successfully created and, consists of three tiers of arches, with smaller arches on the top tier.4 The Roman Coliseum was made of concrete and consisted of arches structured within its design. It was built in 72-80 CE5 and still stands today and designers can learn from these past successes of strength within the design using these characteristics which are important for future projects in allowing them to be more long lasting to teach future generations also, â€Å"History is for human self-knowledge the only clue to what man can do is what man has done† – David Hume, philosopher.6 We can also learn from the mistakes of design, and try to avoid them next time. George Santayana a famous philosopher   scholar and novelists supports this by explaining that, Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.7 For example the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge shocked everyone in 1940 as it was the most modern suspension bridge for its time. The cause of its destruction was the random action of turbulent wind. From these failures however industrialists and architects learnt that the design failed due to excessive flexibility, drag and lift created by the solid plate girder and meniscal aerodynamic forces acknowledged.9 Attributes like this we can use to steer clear from and learn to think about what aspects will affect our design to base what designers may create on what was successful from the pass – â€Å"Instead we must be willing to face our past now, overcome it, and from this we will learn from it forever,† J. Johnson (Musician).10 The second reason why it is useful from learning from design history is for sustainability. This is an important factor for our future as a whole as the Future Annual Report Sates (2000), â€Å"Sustainable development is a dynamic process which enables all people to realise their potential, and to improve their quality of life, in ways which simultaneously protect and enha nce the Earths life support systems.†11 The sustainable materials and structures are simple ways of past civilisations portraying to contemporary designers simple and effective ways to be â€Å"green.† For example the ancient Persian Wind Towers (Seen in Appendix Picture 2) were elaborate ventilation and cooling systems and rivals the contemporary equivalents today. They use a mixture of structural positioning, pressure differences and running water. They are wind catcher structures and control temperatures even in the severest of desert environment with cool nights and scorching hot days.13 Another is the Passive solar Orientation for heating.14 This was introduced by the ancient Greeks. Much like our world today they ran into fuel shortages so they had to think about how to maximise heat gain and the retention during winter months. They did this by building cities/houses towards the southern exposure to capture the sun’s rays.15 Now a days designers just build things without purpose or sustainability wasting resources and harming the earth and they need to natural resources are allow and we need to sustain ourselves sometime in the future, supported by Victor Papanek a famous designer â€Å" by choosing materials and processes that pollute the air we breathe, designers have become a dangerous breed.16 The third reason to  why contemp orary designers should learn about design history is to preserve culture and sites and which will also create a sense of place, because the past is the root of our society values and it is what makes us today which is why we should acknowledge its importance â€Å"A person without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots† Marcus Garvey (Jamaican political leader). Contemporary designers should design something whereby people can learn about contemporary cultures a lot more by visiting where they have thrived. For example when visiting the ancient Mayan temples in Mexico, citizens will have a greater understanding of the origins of Mexican values as well as their culture from the Pre-classic period to the Colonial period. In addition to learn about our culture and where we come from can help not just the general public but also researchers helping us to understand more about ourselves scientifically opening our mind to new discoveries and technologies â€Å"Culture is the widening of the mind and of the spirit, † Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime minister of India.19 Heritage sites can tell us about pass species like the Galapagos Islands and tell us about evolution as well as the Valcamonica rock art in Italy (seen in picture 3 of appendix).20 It can explain how human societies developed, teaching us more about our past creating a sens e of place and important knowledge of where we came from, which is what designers should do and create something that will help and form the future. -Every piece of history is a piece of human nature, Joss Whedon, an American writer. They should have the motivation to design a product or building that will be remembered that will push the boundaries of current technology for us to build upon in –â€Å"Without culture, and the relative freedom it implies, society, even when perfect, is but a jungle. This is why any authentic creation is a gift to the future,† supported by Albert Camus a French novelist and journalist. For example the ancient pyramids of Egypt (2630 BC–2611 BC) show great human accomplishment as today it still marvels researchers on how the Egyptians built these magnificent sites without the use of basic technology. Overall these three reasons portray why learning design history is so useful through learning from past mistakes and successes, learning how to become more sustainable without using harmful materials and learning from different cultures to view where our values came from incorporated with creating a sense of place for  future generations to learn from. It is impor tant to learn from the past otherwise we know very little of the present or future and become ignorant to everything around us that may help us strive in the future – â€Å"A generation which ignores history has no past: and no future,† supports and said by Robert Heinlein a famous writer. Referencing: 1 McDermott, Brian. 2001. â€Å"Quotes about History.† Accessed August 31st, 2014. http://homepage.eircom.net/~odyssey/Quotes/History/Historians.html 2 Moncur, Michael. 1994. â€Å"The Quotations page.† Accesssed August 31st , 2014. http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/29259.html 3Karen Carr. 2012. â€Å"Roman Architecture.† Accessed August 31st, 2014. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/architecture/romarch.htm 4Wikipeadia. 2014. â€Å"Pont du Gard.† Accessed September 1st, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_du_Gard 5 Wikipeadia. 2014. â€Å"Colosseum.† Accessed September 1st, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum 6 Russel Tarr. 1998. â€Å"Active History.† Accessed September 1st, 2014. http://www.activehistory.co.uk/historical_quotations.htm 7 Indiana University. 2011. â€Å"The Santayana Edition.† Accessed September 4th, 2014. http://iat.iupui.edu/santayana/content/santayana-quotations 8 Claudia Bingham Baker. 2005 . â€Å"Tacoma Narrows Bridge.† Accessed September 4th, 2014. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/tnbhistory/machine/machine3.htm 9 Claudia Bingham Baker. 2005. â€Å"Tacoma Narrows Bridge.† Accessed September 4th, 2014. http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/tnbhistory/machine/machine3.htm 10 SearchQuotes. 2014. â€Å"Learning From The Past.† Accessed September 7th, 2014. http://www.searchquotes.com/viewimage/Learning_From_The_Past/355/ 11 Pavlova, Margarita. 2009. Technology and Vocational Education for Sustainable Development. Vol. 10. New York: Springer Publishing. 12 Web Ecoist. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 13 Web Ecoist. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 14Web Ecois t. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 15Web Ecoist. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 16 Victor J. Papanek. 1984. Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change. 1st ed. Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishing. 17 Brainy Quotes. 2001. â€Å"Marcus Garvey.† Accessed September 9th 2014. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/marcusgarv365148.html 18 By Melanie J. Martin. 2014. â€Å"Why Are World Heritage Sites Important?† Accessed September 9th 2014. http://www.ehow.com/facts_5513442_world-heritage-sites-important.html 19 Brainy Quotes. 2001. â€Å"Jawaharlal Nehru.† Accessed September 9th, 2014. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/j/jawaharlal141407.html 20 By Melanie J. Martin. 2014. â€Å"Why Are World Heritage Sites Important?† Accessed September 9th 2014. http://www.ehow.com/facts_5513442_world-heritage-sites-important.html 21 McDermott, Brian. 2001. â€Å"Quotes about History.† Accessed August 31st, 2014. http://homepage.eircom.net/~odyssey/Quotes/History/Historians.html 22 Good Reads. 2014. â€Å"Albert Camus.† Accessed September 12th, 2014. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/209885-without-culture-and-the-relative-freedom-it-implies-society-even 23 Web Ecoist. 2014. â€Å"7 Ancient Wonders of Green Design Technology.† Accessed September 7th, 2013. http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/01/25/ancient-green-architecture-alternative-energy-design/ 24 Good Reads. 2014. â€Å"Robert A. Heinlein.† Accessed September 12th, 2014. http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/186632-a-generation-which-ignores-history-has-no-past-and

Schools Must Reduce Their Use of Standard Tests Essay -- Argumentative

I’m sure you have felt personally victimized by the law of No Child Left Behind and some sort of state-mandated standardized testing. Growing up in Pennsylvania, we had the PSSA’s, 4 Sights, and Keystone Exams. They always had felt trivial, but they did serve some purpose as far as immediate impact to our school days. The use of standardized testing as a quantitative tool of measuring student’s performance took off in 2002 with the passing of the No Child Left Behind Act (â€Å"Standardized Tests,†2003). Standardized testing was part of the initiative to become the highest academically ranked country in the world, surpassing the current highest ranked country of China. The ultimate goal of NCLB was to ensure that all students score a â€Å"proficient† on the reading and math exams by the year 2014 (â€Å"Standardized Tests,† 2003). Obviously, this goal was proven unattainable: Ironically enough, our students’ math scores dropped our ranking from 18th in 2000, to 31st in 2009. A similar decline can also be seen in the science exam scores (â€Å"Standardized Tests,† 2003). It’s blatantly obvious that the theory of NCLB testing has many flaws and needs to be revisited. There is entirely too much emphasis on Standardized testing instead of promotion of personal and academic growth. No room for conversation, research, or deliberation is open for exam questions because of the need to â€Å"move onto the next question.† (Brevetti, 2003). It is also wrong that a student who struggles in high school has to worry about their ability to graduate because of being punished for not scoring a â€Å"proficient† on the PSSA’s. Standardized testing causes unwanted stress on students at increasingly younger ages (â€Å"Standardized Tests,† 2003). Yes, NCLB is incredibly outdat... ...s on a pedestal. In China, there is a huge emphasis on the arts. They enjoy being tutored. They are passionate about learning. I believe the mismatch of culture and values in our society is what makes us the 31st smartest nation in the country. I believe that America has the capacity to be the smartest country in the world. We just need a shift in societal perspective to be able to shed the model of education we have known our entire lives, and be open to experimentation with more effective ways of education. Works Cited Brevetti, Vincent. â€Å"Standardized Testing.† The New York Times. The New York Times, 04 Nov. 2003. Web. 05 Feb. 2015. â€Å"Standardized Tests – ProCon.org.† ProConorg Headlines. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2015. Strauss, Valerie. â€Å"China’s 10 New and Surprising School Reform Rules.† Washington Post. The Washington Post, n.d. Web. 04 Feb. 2015.

American Dream Essay

Many people in the world have an idea about the American Dream. Some people’s American Dream is to help people who are in need to be successful in life while others may dream of making a lot of money. The key to the American Dream for most people is attaining that dream job. However, it can’t be just any job; it usually includes having a job where one feels successful and comes with minimal stress. It gives people determination to be their best. In order to figure out what job I might best be suited for, I took the Gregorc Learning Style Inventory test, and it showed that I am a concrete random learner. Therefore, I enjoy establishing relationships with others, seeing possibilities, gaining ideas, and being competitive. Hence, my dream job would be to become a physical education (PE) teacher. Most people think they know what being a PE teacher is all about, but some may find that the job is more involved than they realized. First of all, according to Career Cruising, a vocational website, â€Å"Physical education teachers educate their students about good sportsmanship, teamwork, personal fitness, and how to lead a healthy and active lifestyle† (â€Å"Physical Education Teacher†). Being a PE teacher requires knowing about students and their abilities. â€Å"A physical education teacher teaches students how to keep their bodies fit through good health practices and exercise† (â€Å"Becoming a Physical Education Teacher†).  They organize games and challenges that promote physical activity for children and young adults from kindergarten to high school. Secondly, there are many responsibilities that PE teachers have. PE teachers need to be able to adjust their curricula and to adapt to children with disabilities or different physical abilities (Bold). For example, if the weather outside was effecting the activity played, the PE teacher would need to be able to change the plans by planning something inside. Another responsibility that a PE teacher has is having strong listening and speaking skills. Besides being knowledgeable about an activity, they need to be able to communicate and demonstrate the activity properly to the class. Therefore, I will be able to observe students and maintain discipline within the class. PE teachers also interact with parents, other teachers and the school’s administration, but it takes knowledge and education to get there. Finally, people that want to become teachers can’t just graduate high school and try to become one; work experience and knowledge about activities are essential keys to being a  successful PE teacher. For instance, I have played volleyball for seven years, so I have learned a lot about how to coordinate conditioning activities, drills, games. That has provided a good foundation for me to become a PE teacher. Because of that, I would also love to coach a volleyball team while being a PE teacher. Even volunteering at the Boys/Girls Club or the YMCA would help me before I become a PE teacher because I would be able to interact with kids and learn how they interact with each other. I know that before becoming a PE teacher, I need to truly enjoy being around people and kids which is something that I know I already have. It’s not going to be â€Å"easy as pie† to become a PE teacher. First of all, Going to college to study certain majors is a big part in becoming a PE teacher. I will complete a degree in health and physical education at a four- year college or university. Classes that I might have to take in order to become a PE teacher are Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology, and a Health and Wellness class (â€Å"Skills Required for Become a PE Teacher†). Going to college and learning about physical health will let me have a better understanding of what I am going to teach about. Going to college will cost about seventy thousand dollars but, I am going to college on a volleyball scholarship which will lower the costs. Education is the key role in becoming a PE teacher. There are many personal qualifications into becoming a teacher. A skill that I will need to have in order to become a PE teacher would be to have a general understanding of the purpose and value of physical fitness and how individuals can perform their exercises at their best. PE teachers value physical fitness and want their students to perform at their best therefor being able to communicate with students will help me understand what their bodies are capable of. Personality is a big role in being any type of teacher. Having a positive attitude throughout the day will help me motivate my students to do better, which is a big key in becoming a PE teacher. â€Å"On a daily basis, physical education teachers face unmotivated students and students who are living unhealthy lifestyles† (â€Å"Working with Students†). It is my goal to motivate students and to have fun. To me, having a relationship with my students and having fun with them is a lot more important than how much I would get paid as a teacher. One stereotype that people have about teachers centers around how much teachers get paid. Some say it is too little while others say it is too much: â€Å"The national median salary of all middle and high school teachers is around $52,000 dollars a year† (â€Å"Physical Education Teacher†). It may not seem like a lot but, it’s all that I need. I would also love to coach a school volleyball team and coaching a team would could help me make an additional $2,000 a year (Dodrill). Overall, the American Dream involves having a job that one loves. Even thinking about being a PE teacher and even a coach makes me smile. The American Dream involves with making one happy. I would love to help students learn about their health and teach them new sports! Having obstacles everyday will only make me a better teacher! I will have to work ha rd in college to get this job, but working hard is something that I am up for. Having a relationship with my students and learning what I can do to become a better teacher is something that I can’t wait to wake up every morning to do. Having a dream job and getting to interact with students would be perfect. Getting to coach a volleyball team and have relationships with my students would make my dream job even better! Having fun at a job and doing what you love is all that matters to me! Being a physical education teacher and a volleyball coach for the school would be my American Dream job. Works Cited Bold, Jessica. â€Å"Skills Required for Become a PE Teacher.† EHow. Demand Media, 11 Oct. 2009. Web. 07 May 2014. Dodrill, Tara. â€Å"What Do High School Coaching Jobs Pay?† EHow. Demand Media, 24 July †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2009. Wed. 22 May 2014 Manross, Mark. â€Å"PE Central: Becoming a Physical Education Teacher.† PE Central: Becoming a Physical Education Teacher. Executive Director, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 07 May 2014. â€Å"Physical Education Teacher.† Career Cruising. Anaca Technologies. n.d. Web. 15 June 2010. Zeiger, Stacy. â€Å"The Pros & Cons of Being a Physical Education Teacher.† Work. Demand Media, 11 Nov. 2012. Web. 07 May 2014.

Obamacare: a Threat to America

President Barack Obama has been written into the history books for becoming the first African American president of the United States. The president plans on changing history again by bringing universal health care into the United States, which has won him much popularity among Democratic voters. President Obama’s speeches are adored by his fans but raise many red flags for the majority of America. Major concerns Americans have with President Obama’s two proposed health-care bills are that health-care options will no longer be available, the real cost of Obamacare, and small businesses.As many Americans believe Presidents Obama’s health-care plan is what the United States has needed for decades, considering he did get elected, his polices will prove to be a bane for the United States. The main concern for many Americans about the Obama’s Health-Care plan is the fact that they will lose the freedom to choose. Choosing health-care benefits, doctors, and high -deductable coverage is important to every insured American citizen, so why would Obama change that?In his speeches, Obama has promised Americans that they will be able to keep their existing health-care coverage but the proposed bills tell a different story. Both bills necessitate that Americans buy approved plans that have a number of universal benefits or face penalties. Even with a five year grace period given to big employers to convert to the new plans, there will be no options if the bills are passed. Choosing what benefits are included in one’s health-care plan often times saves money that could put food on the table for a struggling family.Several states have already imposed a list of required benefits for health-care plans; everyone from â€Å"chiropractors to alcohol-abuse counselors† competes to be included on lists of required benefits (Tully). This competition is one reason health-care costs continue to rise. A few of the mandated benefits of the bills in clude coverage for prescription drugs, substance-abuse services, mental-health services, as well as insuring â€Å"children† until they reach 26 years of age. Before the bills are finalized, the Department of Health and Human Services will hire â€Å"experts† to complete he list (Tully). Thus, nobody will know exactly what this standardized list of benefits will include until the bills are passed. For some Americans, choosing their doctors is very important. Whatever the reason, some people feel more comfortable around certain doctors than others. Why would Obama take away such a simple freedom? With passing of the bills, Americans will be assigned primary care physicians who then will assign patients to specialists, if needed. It is up to the â€Å"gate-keeper† which specialist the patients sees and when.Of course, the choice is to be made on which route is the most â€Å"cost-effective† (Tully). The situation only gets worse when primary care physicians deny patients care, and still get paid. Another freedom Obama’s Health-Care bills will strip from Americans is the choice of high-deductable coverage. Currently about 5 million Americans take advantage of Health Savings Accounts (HSA) offered by their employers (Tully). These work when an employee puts money into the account, requiring the employer to make an equivalent deposit.Employees use Health Savings Accounts to pay for high-deductable coverage plans which, in turn, they use to cover several-thousand dollar medical bills. With high-deductable plans, patients are to cover regular doctor visits themselves; HSAs help cover these bills as well. The proposed bills cause great concern to HSA participants for the simple fact that they will no longer be able to choose a plan with â€Å"stripped† benefits. To rub salt on an open wound, John Goodman of the National Center for Policy Analysis says, â€Å"The government could set extremely low deductibles that would elimin ate HSAs..And they could do it after the bills are passed. † Mandating minimum benefit packages will only drive up medical costs for those who now rely on HSAs to cover medical expenses, ending â€Å"consumer-driven† care (Tully). By eliminating money coming in from independent consumers instead of big insurance companies, the proposed bills will snuff out any type of market health-care now has. Another major concern for Americans about Obamacare is a topic President Obama would rather not mention: cost.According to the Congressional Budget Office, the price tag of the bill coming from the Senate Health Committee would be approximately $1 trillion spanning ten years, and that would only cover a small portion of uninsured Americans. Even worse, the Congressional Budget Office estimates another bill from the Senate Finance Committee at over $1. 6 trillion (Reich). These numbers come at the worst possible time when the United States deficit has reached an all-time high at over $14 trillion as of January (Sahadi).This begs the question, how does Obama expect to pay for these tremendous bills? The answer: Obama plans to raise taxes. Though Medicare cuts and increased taxes will pay for much of the immediate â€Å"overhaul,† according to the proposed bills, the first sign federal tax credits will not be seen until 2013. Only eligible small businesses, up to 25 employees, can receive very limited tax credits up to 35% towards employee health coverage, which Obama hopes will persuade small businesses to offer employee health-care plans (Fox News).But in reality, the cuts affects only one-third of small businesses, leaving the nearly rest of America to get insurance through their big business employer or buy it themselves (Danner). The United States is less than $300 billion away from our debt ceiling, what would another $1 trillion in debt do to our country? Experts predict â€Å"crippling† results. Even in the best case scenario, the value of U. S. bonds and currency would be destroyed. If the U. S. did default, markets around the world would see the effects (Sahadi). If the U. S. overnment is about to lose the ability to pay its own bills, why is the president trying to reform health-care knowing it will add to the already outstanding debt? Small business are another key concern for Americans as President Obama is pushing harder than ever for his proposed health bills. In his campaign Obama ensured Americans that his bills will include benefits for small business, however that is not the case. Looking closely, the proposed tax credits for small businesses will put each small business through a series of tests to decide whether it is eligible for the credit and how much they could receive.With less than one-third of small businesses fully eligible under the restrictions, President Obama’s Health-Care plan will leave Americans with few options when it comes to health-care. Even more, the president neglects to me ntion is that his tax credits for small business are only temporary, six years at the most (Danner). After the credits run out, small businesses will be forced to pay full price for employee health costs, driving up the cost of business dramatically.Businesses that cannot afford the full price tag of employee coverage and newly imposed taxes will have no choice but go out of business. Small businesses created 64% of all new jobs in the last 15 years; the idea of unemployment taking another dramatic rise caused by the closing of numerous small businesses is something the current economy of the United States cannot handle (SBA. gov). There is no doubt Americans like President Obama but when a record number of Americans lose their jobs because of his bills, what will Americans think of him then?There is no doubt President Obama is an excellent speaker but his way with words hides truths that Americans need to know. Now that these truths have leaked out to the public, Americans are conc erned about many different aspects of the president’s proposed bills. Understand, the idea of every American citizen having health insurance sounds great to everybody, but at what cost? Major concerns of American citizens are that health-care options will no longer be available, the real cost of Obamacare, and small businesses.President Obama’s promise that Americans could keep their current plans has been proven bogus, he has neglected to mention the tremendous costs of his proposed health-care bills, and these bills could irreversibly damage the American economy; is Obama the change that America was searching for? As his 2,000 page documents conceal the truths behind his proposed ideas, President Obama’s health-care plan has proven itself to be yet another bane that could very possibly be placed on top the United States’ already weighted shoulders.

effects of workaholism Essays

effects of workaholism Essays effects of workaholism Essay effects of workaholism Essay The Effects of Workaholism The busy life put people in many pressures that make people become stressful and most of them become workaholism. This is the symptom that people are addicted to work, they do not actually enjoy the work, because they simply feel compelled to do it. Their families, their social life and their health are the main effects that are influenced by this lifestyle. First and foremost, workaholism adversely affect their families. They will have weak communication with other family embers. This can make the relationship in family stressful and likely collapse anytime. In addition, they have little help with housework because of focusing on their work; the family will be in disorder and cause uncomfortable feeling. However, the most negative effect of this style is on their education. Children need to get taking care more from others, especially their parents while the workaholics lifestyle gains much time and the father or mother will have no enough time to care about their hildren. As a result, their kids may become naughty, lazy and easily influenced. In addition to negative effect on family, workaholic also effects on their social lives. When people addict to work, they will have no attention to other things around them. They are losing relationships among their relatives and friends. Therefore, they will face many difficulties in life because they have no help from others. Furthermore, in society, they also have few friends because of lack of communication with people in ociety. They only concentrate on their work and do not take part in some social activities or make friends together. This will cause their spirit and attitude weak,unhappy and bored. The additional effects of workaholism is on their own health. When they work too much, they will not avoid stress and some diseases like headache, stomachache or some serious diseases that take much time to treat. Besides, t For instance, when you study too many subjects, you can not understand horoughly each subject. ey will get inefficient performance and interruption at work because of these diseases. In a nutshell, workaholism has many unhelpful effects on families, social lives and health. We must have suitable schedules in work and rest to keep equilibrium of our body and mind to stay away from this negative lifestyle. If workaholic can be cured, it is the best for their families and surrounding people effects of workaholism By ashayamina

How were the lives of the Plains Indians in the second half essays

How were the lives of the Plains Indians in the second half essays In 1830s the Plains Indians were sent to the Great American Deserts in the west because Indians in white mens objectives did not deserve a good fertile land to live on. When the white men realized they could still use the land they gave the Natives because the land could support agriculture, in 1850s white men wanted Indians out of their deserts. The government extinguished Indian rights to millions of acres just to get the good land back, and ordered the army to keep Indians on their assigned restrictions. The government wanted to bribe Natives because of what they believed Native Americans been pushed across the continent, they have no future to go so their future must be determined. Also, the government wanted technological changed such as building the Central Pacific Railroads in the areas where Natives lived. The white men killed Indians buffalo and took action to wipe the Plains Indians out with the Custers last Stand, Americanization, Dawes Act, and the wounded knee massacre a nd there changed the lives of the Natives forever. Crazy horse, a military genius saw a vision that American forces could be defeated before they kill all the Natives for their land and the Black Hills. Before general Crooks and Custer were going to attack the Sioux Crazy Horse with the help of Sitting Bull prepared a military and won a battle against General Custer and his men. Custer and his men died because Crazy Horses boys were bigger and stronger. After Custers Last Stand was over the Sioux were also defeated and broken. US government wanted the Black Hills so strongly that they asked Native Americans to sign the treaty of leaving the Black Hills or they would take the food out the reservations and starve the Indians to death. Sitting Bull signed the treaty and Black hills become legally of the US by 1877. Custers Last Stand and the Removal from black hills changed the Nat...

Hernan Cortes and His Tlaxcalan Allies

Hernan Cortes and His Tlaxcalan Allies Conquistador Hernan Cortes and his Spanish troops did not conquer the Aztec Empire on their own. They had allies, with the Tlaxcalans being among the most important. How this alliance developed and how their support was crucial to Cortes success. In 1519, as conquistador Hernan Cortes was making his way inland from the coast on his audacious conquest of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire, he had to pass through the lands of the fiercely independent Tlaxcalans, who were the mortal enemies of the Mexica. At first, the Tlaxcalans fought the conquistadors viciously, but after repeated defeats, they decided to make peace with the Spanish and ally with them against their traditional enemies. The aid provided by the Tlaxcalans would eventually prove crucial for Cortes in his campaign. Tlaxcala and the Aztec Empire in 1519 From 1420 or so to 1519, the mighty Mexica culture had come to dominate most of central Mexico. One by one, the Mexica had conquered and subjugated dozens of neighboring cultures and city-states, turning them into strategic allies or resentful vassals. By 1519, only a few isolated holdouts remained. Chief among them were the fiercely independent Tlaxcalans, whose territory was located to the east of Tenochtitlan. The area controlled by the Tlaxcalans comprised some 200 semi-autonomous villages united by their hatred of the Mexica. The people were from three main ethnic groups: the Pinomes, Otomà ­, and Tlaxcalans, who were descended from warlike Chichimecs who had relocated to the region centuries before. The Aztecs tried repeatedly to conquer and subjugate them  but always failed. Emperor Montezuma II himself had most recently tried to defeat them in 1515. The Tlaxcalans hatred of the Mexica ran very deep. Diplomacy and Skirmish In August of 1519, the Spanish were making their way to Tenochtitlan. They occupied the small town of Zautla and pondered their next move. They had brought with them thousands of Cempoalan allies and porters, led by a nobleman named Mamexi. Mamexi counseled going through Tlaxcala and possibly making allies of them. From Zautla, Cortes sent four Cempoalan envoys to Tlaxcala, offering to talk about a possible alliance, and moved to the town of Ixtaquimaxtitlan. When the envoys did not return, Cortes and his men moved out and entered Tlaxcalan territory anyway. They had not gone far when they came across Tlaxcalan scouts, who retreated and came back with a larger army. The Tlaxcalans attacked but the Spanish drove them off with a concerted cavalry charge, losing two horses in the process. Diplomacy and War Meanwhile, the Tlaxcalans were trying to decide what to do about the Spanish. A Tlaxcalan prince, Xicotencatl the Younger, came up with a clever plan. The Tlaxcalans would supposedly welcome the Spanish  but would send their Otomà ­ allies to attack them. Two of the Cempoalan emissaries were allowed to escape and report to Cortes. For two weeks, the Spanish made little headway. They remained camped out on a hilltop. During the day, the Tlaxcalans and their Otomi allies would attack, only to be driven off by the Spanish. During lulls in the fighting, Cortes and his men would launch punitive attacks and food raids against local towns and villages. Although the Spanish were weakening, the Tlaxcalans were dismayed to see that they were not gaining the upper hand, even with their superior numbers and fierce fighting. Meanwhile, envoys from Mexica Emperor Montezuma showed up, encouraging the Spanish to keep fighting the Tlaxcalans and to not trust anything they said. Peace and Alliance After two weeks of bloody fighting, Tlaxcalan leaders convinced the military and civil leadership of Tlaxcala to sue for peace. Hotheaded Prince Xicotencatl the Younger was sent personally to Cortes to ask for peace and an alliance. After sending messages back and forth for a few days with not only the elders of Tlaxcala but also Emperor Montezuma, Cortes decided to go to Tlaxcala. Cortes and his men entered the city of Tlaxcala on September 18, 1519. Rest and Allies Cortes and his men would remain in Tlaxcala for 20 days. It was a very productive time for Cortes and his men. One important aspect of their extended stay was that they could rest, heal their wounds, tend to their horses and equipment and basically get ready for the next step of their journey. Although the Tlaxcalans had little wealth- they were effectively isolated and blockaded by their Mexica enemies- they shared what little they had. Three hundred Tlaxcalan girls were given to the conquistadors, including some of noble birth for the officers. Pedro de Alvarado was given one of the daughters of Xicotencatl the elder named Tecuelhuatzà ­n, who was later christened Doà ±a Maria Luisa. But the most important thing the Spanish gained in their stay in Tlaxcala was an ally. Even after two weeks of constantly battling the Spanish, the Tlaxcalans still had thousands of warriors, fierce men who were loyal to their elders (and the alliance their elders made) and who despised the Mexica. Cortes secured this alliance by meeting regularly with Xicotencatl the Elder and Maxixcatzin, the two great lords of Tlaxcala, giving them gifts and promising to free them from the hated Mexica. The only sticking point between the two cultures seemed to be Cortes insistence that the Tlaxcalans embrace Christianity, something they were reluctant to do. In the end, Cortes did not make it a condition of their alliance, but he continued to pressure the Tlaxcalans to convert and abandon their previous idolatrous practices. A Crucial Alliance For the next two years, the Tlaxcalans honored their alliance with Cortes. Thousands of fierce Tlaxcalan warriors would fight alongside the conquistadors for the duration of the conquest. The contributions of the Tlaxcalans to the conquest are many, but here are some of the more important ones: In Cholula, the Tlaxcalans warned Cortes of a possible ambush: they participated in the ensuing Cholula Massacre, capturing many Cholulans and bringing them back to Tlaxcala as slaves and sacrifices.When Cortes was forced to return to the Gulf Coast to face conquistador Panfilo de Narvaez and a host of Spanish soldiers sent by governor Diego Velazquez of Cuba to take command of the expedition, Tlaxcalan warriors accompanied him and fought at the Battle of Cempoala.When Pedro de Alvarado ordered the Massacre at the Festival of Toxcatl, Tlaxcalan warriors helped the Spanish and protected them until Cortes could return.During the Night of Sorrows, Tlaxcalan warriors helped the Spanish escape by night from Tenochtitlan.After the Spanish fled Tenochtitlan, they retreated to Tlaxcala to rest and regroup. New Aztec Tlatoani Cuitlhuac sent emissaries to the Tlaxcalans urging them to unite against the Spanish; the Tlaxcalans refused.When the Spanish re-conquered Tenochtitlan in 1521, thousand s of Tlaxcalan soldiers joined them. Legacy of the Spanish-Tlaxcalan Alliance Its not an exaggeration to say that Cortes would not have defeated the Mexica without the Tlaxcalans. Thousands of warriors and a safe base of support only days away from Tenochtitlan proved invaluable to Cortes and his war effort. Eventually, the Tlaxcalans saw that the Spanish were a greater threat than the Mexica (and had been so all along). Xicotencatl the Younger, who had been leery of the Spanish all along, tried to openly break with them in 1521 and was ordered publicly hanged by Cortes; it was a poor repayment to the young Princes father, Xicotencatl the Elder, whose support of Cortes had been so crucial. But by the time the Tlaxcalan leadership began to have second thoughts about their alliance, it was too late: two years of constant warring had left them far too weak to defeat the Spanish, something they had not accomplished even when at their full might in 1519. Ever since the conquest, some Mexicans have considered Tlaxcalans to be traitors who, like Cortes interpreter and mistress Doà ±a Marina (better known as Malinche) aided the Spanish in the destruction of native culture. This stigma persists today, albeit in a weakened form. Were the Tlaxcalans traitors? They fought the Spanish and then, when offered an alliance by these formidable foreign warriors against their traditional enemies, decided that if you cant beat em, join em. Later events proved that perhaps this alliance was a mistake, but the worst thing the Tlaxcalans can be accused of is lack of foresight. References Castillo, Bernal Dà ­az del, Cohen J. M., and Radice B. The Conquest of New Spain. London: Clays Ltd./Penguin; 1963. Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma, and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. New York: Bantam, 2008. Thomas, Hugh. The Real Discovery of America: Mexico November 8, 1519. New York: Touchstone, 1993.

Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Financial management - Essay Example The Return on Equity, ROE, measures how much profit a company earned in comparison to the money shareholders have invested. Generally, the higher it is the more promising a company is. Potential investors rely on ROE when deciding whether or not to invest their money in a company. Furthermore, financial institutions use the ROE to assess capability of a company meeting its loan repayment obligations (Bull, p.29). Net profit margin is the ratio of net profits to net sales of a company.   This ratio reflects companys efficiency especially within its industry.   Investors are attracted to stocks of companies with high net profit margin (Moyer, James and William, p.70) It is the ratio of company market share price to Earnings per share and is mostly used as a valuation of investments indicator. P/E reflects the premium paid for a share and thus growth investors look for higher P/E ratios in contrast to value investors. It reflects future earnings growth of a company and consequently implying it has no debt risk to banks. . It is important for investors and financial institutions to note that financial ratios are subject to weakness in accounting methods. In addition, some ratios on their own are meaningless and thus need to be combined with others to draw a conclusive financial decision. Thus, in my opinion financial ratios should be used as indicators and not as complete evidence of company financial position (Beyer,

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Reflection paper - Essay Example He believes that his wife has a nervous depression which is the reason why he takes her away from the town to a far off mansion. He serves as her physician and believes that she is totally helpless while the narrator is not at all satisfied from her husband’s treatment yet she prefers to stay quiet. She cannot voice all that she detests. She thinks that that is the hurdle between her and her health and that is why she does not get better. She is allowed to write her thoughts on ‘dead paper’ and those writings have to be kept private and away from others. The book focuses on giving woman a respectable environment where can they live as free-willed human beings and enjoy their lives just like men do. The usage of symbolism is quite vivid throughout the book as the narrator tries to present a clear-cut image of what women were treated like back in the 1800’s. Back at her own house, she lived with John, in a bright spacious room which had yellow wallpaper which she completely found hideous and disgusting. She was not allowed to write or to work, all that she was allowed to do was rest. The wallpaper became a source of reaction for her, she could stare at it for hours and soon after she started to examine it, patterns started to take shape. She could see images and everything started to change. She could see a woman behind bars, all trapped and with no way out. She felt enslaved too and all her sympathies were directed towards enslaved women. She becomes paranoid around her babysitter and even her husband and starts to feel that they also want to discover the truth behind the images of the wallpaper. The narrator becomes hysterical and tears the wallpaper down which she seems is the only way to release the woman behind it. The wallpaper was not the cause behind her depression. She just became obsessed with it because she had nothing else to do. She was also not

Health Care Reform Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Reform - Assignment Example A week after the new health care reform was implemented, US insurance companies have been ceasing to offer health insurance policies that cover only children because of the fear that parents will wait until a child is ill before purchasing health insurance, and may drop the insurance after the child recovers (Tanne, 2010, n.p.). The new health care reform act of 2010 does not only extend insurance coverage among children but to all Americans as well. Changes on the new coverage of health care reform act affect both the government and uninsured population. Making health care affordable to all Americans will increase medical spending up to $ 1,600 or an increased in 70% per uninsured individual and savings in public programs are achieved because of changes in traditional payment changes in Medicare and Medicaid (Cutler, Davis, & Stremikis, 2010, 2). In addition, the new health care reform establishes insurance exchanges that will group individuals and small firms into larger entities, minimize marketing costs, and stronger oversight of industry practices. On the patient side, improvement in information are made available as well as the incentives and medical provision. Meanwhile, health care reform consequences include the excised of tax on premiums to give affordable health care to all Americans (Cutler, Davis, & Stremikis, 2010, 7), increase incidences of fraud and abuse in Medicare and Medicaid programs, and uneven distribution of health care costs to the patients with chronic conditions such as congestive heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension (Orszag & Emanuel, 2010, 602). Therefore, it is expected that medical spending will decrease over time because of improvement in health but expenses imposed on additional health care providers needed to provide care to all Americans passes the burden to premium member, open up opportunities for employers to abuse health insurances among workers, and limits monitoring check-ups of certain chronic conditions because of

Project documentation, specifications and discussion Essay

Project documentation, specifications and discussion - Essay Example Introduction This project was started following revelations that the current website of 1K bride was lacking some important features while some features were added unnecessarily. These problems were identified mostly by the staff and interested customers. The problems included: Out-dated website: not compatible in some internet browser; ‘internet explorer’ Incomplete website: some categories are left with empty spaces Inconsistent photos: different sizes of photos Repeated information: too much words, too much explanation could cause confusion to clients rather than clarify. Inconvenient search: in need of adding ‘side bar’ function for easier, and accurate search of dresses No search engine services: very limited ways for clients in finding our website Having realized the prospects of a good website, the company endeavored to improve it for greater achievement. The website improvement started a month ago with the first step being the briefing of 1K National Online Campaigner to engage the proposed online developers. This was followed by a detailed discussion of the upcoming project. A benchmarking exercise, whereby there was a comparison between the existing 1K bride website and similar websites. The main objective of the benchmarking exercise was to determine the general users’ expectations and industry standards could be clearly defined. This paper therefore presents the final product of the project starting from identification of the website limitations to the mock-up website. The mock-up program in this report comprise of improvements that reflect the requirements of the company, the expectations of the clients and staff, standards within the industry and elements that are vital to intercultural communication. 1.1 Methodology The following method was the appropriate one in the quest for improving the 1K website. Analysis and benchmarking This is the initial stage of the project. It is all about benchmarking exercise to iden tify the requirements for website development and the ultimate results that ensured that expectations of the clients and the general users are met. Not only the expectations of the general users but even the goals and objectives of the company be met after the improvement of the website. Contemporary professional communication issues The stage focused on the identification and discussions of issues related to professional communication. In particular, the project discusses in details digital literacy and how if affects the development and improvement of the proposed 1K bride website. Implementation of the proposed changes The completion of the first and second steps resulted to the third step which is all about implementation of the necessary changes. In a more elaborate way, this step involves additional of some features to realize 1K Bride organizational goals, redesigning the structure and the content of the structure to meet the taste and preferences of the users, and the elimin ation of the words that does not promote

Admission Essay Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Admission Essay - Personal Statement Example n identifying major failures of businesses that have taken place throughout the history and it will even help me analyze how corporate governance and better corporate practices can assist organizations in avoiding such failure and save one self from entering the phase of bankruptcy in case of complete failure. This course will even help me in learning how organizations from different fields such as steel and auto industry have failed and what the repercussions of these failures were. In these subjects I will even learn what other options are available to organizations other than accepting bankruptcy. Assignments that I will do during these courses will help be conduct in-depth research in the field of corporate governance as well as organizational restructuring. These subjects along with various other legal topics and courses will assist me in understanding the technical details of law and the rules and regulations surrounding business environment. In future I aim at working for the legal department of an organization and want to ensure that the organization experiences success under my

Project documentation, specifications and discussion Essay

Project documentation, specifications and discussion - Essay Example Introduction This project was started following revelations that the current website of 1K bride was lacking some important features while some features were added unnecessarily. These problems were identified mostly by the staff and interested customers. The problems included: Out-dated website: not compatible in some internet browser; ‘internet explorer’ Incomplete website: some categories are left with empty spaces Inconsistent photos: different sizes of photos Repeated information: too much words, too much explanation could cause confusion to clients rather than clarify. Inconvenient search: in need of adding ‘side bar’ function for easier, and accurate search of dresses No search engine services: very limited ways for clients in finding our website Having realized the prospects of a good website, the company endeavored to improve it for greater achievement. The website improvement started a month ago with the first step being the briefing of 1K National Online Campaigner to engage the proposed online developers. This was followed by a detailed discussion of the upcoming project. A benchmarking exercise, whereby there was a comparison between the existing 1K bride website and similar websites. The main objective of the benchmarking exercise was to determine the general users’ expectations and industry standards could be clearly defined. This paper therefore presents the final product of the project starting from identification of the website limitations to the mock-up website. The mock-up program in this report comprise of improvements that reflect the requirements of the company, the expectations of the clients and staff, standards within the industry and elements that are vital to intercultural communication. 1.1 Methodology The following method was the appropriate one in the quest for improving the 1K website. Analysis and benchmarking This is the initial stage of the project. It is all about benchmarking exercise to iden tify the requirements for website development and the ultimate results that ensured that expectations of the clients and the general users are met. Not only the expectations of the general users but even the goals and objectives of the company be met after the improvement of the website. Contemporary professional communication issues The stage focused on the identification and discussions of issues related to professional communication. In particular, the project discusses in details digital literacy and how if affects the development and improvement of the proposed 1K bride website. Implementation of the proposed changes The completion of the first and second steps resulted to the third step which is all about implementation of the necessary changes. In a more elaborate way, this step involves additional of some features to realize 1K Bride organizational goals, redesigning the structure and the content of the structure to meet the taste and preferences of the users, and the elimin ation of the words that does not promote

Texas Roadhouse Won't Skimp on Making Employees Happy Essay

Texas Roadhouse Won't Skimp on Making Employees Happy - Essay Example Everybody in the company was very motivated by the financial rewards and incentives the firm offered. â€Å"Financial incentives are extrinsic rewards and are tangible visible to others and contingent on performance† (Hubpages, 2012). After a couple of payment cycles the employees noticed that their pay checks did not include the performance bonuses. The company said that the administration had decided to eliminate the bonuses. The employees were outraged. The firm also claimed that the contest for prizes was also cancelled. The employees in the firm rebelled and formed a union. The productivity of the workers drastically decreased because the employees had no incentive to produce more. The actions of the employees hurt the customers of the firm because the services backlogged due to lower productivity. Texas Roadhouse restaurant uses extrinsic rewards to motivate the employees of the company. The firm believes deeply in the importance of keeping employees happy. Some of the r ewards that the firm offers its employees include a yearly contest of $20,000 for the best meat cutter, $500 allowance given to the managers to be spent in activities for the employees, annual four day motivation conference at a luxurious hotel with the benefit of bringing the employees’ spouse to the event. There are other ways to motivate employees that can be used at Texas Roadhouse to improve the performance of the company. An effective technique to improve motivation in the workplace is the use of intrinsic rewards. â€Å"Intrinsic rewards are positively valued work outcomes that the individual receives directly as a result of task performance† (Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, 2003, pg. 118). An example of an intrinsic reward is receiving a pad in the back and a positive comment from the manager or supervisor for a job well done. The motivation of the employees can increase by improving the job satisfaction of the workers. Another method that can be used to increase t he motivation of the workers is by implementing feedback systems. â€Å"The importance of feedback in the workplace cannot be over-estimated - it is a key source of employee motivation† (Practical-management-skills, 2012). The firm must invest in improvements to the information systems of the company to improve the capabilities of the human resource module. A way to simplify the payroll cycle is by switching antiquated time card systems, with electronic systems in which an employee logs in using a thumbprint. These electronic systems will reduce the work done by HR specialist and the payroll department by digitalizing information which eliminates the need of manual data entry. Today human resource departments must give emphasis to a knowledge based administration using technology as a tool (Peterson, 2010). The use of intrinsic rewards is a great method for motivating employees that can be implemented at cero costs. The managers and supervisors have to be aware of the work pe rformed by the employees in order to identify situations that merit giving the employees an intrinsic reward. The con of the intrinsic reward strategy is that it requires a lot of observation from supervisors and managers which wastes time. A lot of the time of management should be spent performing strategic functions. Improving job

Interrelationship between Psychology and Biology Essay Example for Free

Interrelationship between Psychology and Biology Essay Of late Psychologists have shown a keen interest in Biology, which even today is considered a completely different discipline of study by many. However the fact is that both these disciplines are interconnected. Sickness of the mind affects body and vice versa. According to Nidamboor, â€Å"Stress, depression, and other psychological factors make us vulnerable to many diseases. This is so because the relation between mind and health is balanced not only by our own behavior but also by our biological connections. There are links between our brain and the immune system, which sometimes work in opposite directions.† (para. 5) As a result if we are suffering from a biological disease then it affects are behavior, emotions and interactions with others. In order to get to the crux of behavioral problems it is very important for the psychologists to have a fair idea of the biological history of a person. This approach would positively affect the diagnosis and the psychological treatmments that an individual is undergoing. Psychological problems like anxiety disorders, personality disorders, depressive disorders and behavioral disorders have their roots in the biological problems that one is facing. For example if a person is handicapped he might suffer from bouts of depression due to his inability to be normal as others. Similarly if a person is too fat or too thin then too his emotional well being is affected by his biological body structure. He might indulge in inappropriate eating behaviors and might suffer from a feeling of worthlessness and low self esteem. Hence it is extremely imperative for psychologists to get thorough knowledge about a client’s status of biological wellbeing. Since there is an extraordinary link between our minds and bodies imbalance of either would affect the other and perhaps this is why psychologists are so concerned with biology. References Nidamboor, R. (2009). How psychology affects biology. Retrieved April 25, 2009 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.mydigitalfc.com/2009/how-psychology-affects-biology

Tourism Today And Importance Of Front Office Tourism Essay

Tourism Today And Importance Of Front Office Tourism Essay Today tourism is one of the largest and most dynamic sectors, of the economy. It is growing at a fast pace, leading to infrastructure development, considerable, volume of foreign currency inflows, and good job opportunities. So it affects various sectors of the economy, contributing to the social and economic development of the country as a whole. According to recent statistics, tourism provides about 10 per cent of the worlds income and employs almost one tenth of the worlds workforce. All considered, tourisms actual and potential economic impact is astounding. The hospitality industry came into existence in order to accommodate tourists. When guests stay in a hotel and use the various services and facilities provided by the hotel, they seldom think about the complexity of hotel operations. The smallest of their demands, like for a cup of tea, requires coordination among a series of people. The hotel industry is a people-oriented industry. It is the effectiveness, efficiency, and courteous behaviour of the hotel employees that make a lasting impression on the guests total experience. The front office department of a hotel is the hub of guest activities. This department looks after the guests needs-right from the booking of rooms to receiving and registering guests, to assigning rooms, to handling guests mails and messages, to presenting bills and settling guests accounts at the time of check-out. It is important for the front office staff to provide excellent and flawless services to guests, as it goes a long way in creating an indelible image of the hotel. FRONT OFFICE GM AT WORK AND OTHER ACTIVITIES Most general managers depend on the performance of an outstanding front office to help them meet their guest service and profitability goals. The front office and its manager(s) are responsible for, a variety of important hotel functions. Because the rooms sold by a hotel are extremely perishable (an unsold room on a certain day is an eternal and unchangeable circumstance), it is very important that hotels do the best job possible in matching guest room availability with guest room demand. Also, since it is not possible to change the number of rooms available to sell up or down on a daily basis due to the constructed fixed number of rooms, an important responsibility of the front office is the sale of rooms at a rate that management feels will maximize revenue per available room. A well-managed and talented front office will do this well. The making of guest reservations is often the first thing that comes to mind when considering the major functions of a front office, and this is indeed an important and often complex aspect of the front office`s role. In addition to reservations, however, it falls upon the front office to actually assign arriving guests to specific guest rooms and respond to their special needs during their stay. These needs can include anything from transportation and information to medical assistance. In all of these situations and more, the unwavering role of the front office is to make the guests stay as comfortable and as welcoming as possible. An essential aspect of the front office is its responsibility for collecting the revenue charged to guests for their rooms, restaurant meals, telephone calls, and a host of other hotel services. This means that the front office manager, working with the G.M. and controller, must devise and administer revenue management systems that ensure guests are properly charged for the services they use and that the hotel fully collects all monies it has earned. When forecasting room demand, accommodating guests, and collecting monies for services rendered, the front office generates a large quantity of data, much of which are critical for management decision making. It is the role of the front office to collect, sort, and present these data in a way that assists in management decision making. As a G.M. my daily tasks can be made much easier by the support of an effective front office. OVERVIEW OF THE FRONT OFFICE The front office sometimes referred to as the front desk, the front office usually controls much more than the activities occurring at the front desk. In a small, limited service hotel, the front office may consist, physically of only that area reserved for guest registration. In a larger property the front office may include several staff members, each responsible for a portion of the office`s management or operation. Regardless of its size, the front office must be organized to manage its key tasks and areas of responsibility. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY GROWTH + economicaly Tourism and hospitality, which are inextricably linked to each other, are among the major revenue-earning enterprises in the world. They happen to be among the top employers too. There has been an up market trend in tourism over the last few decades as travel has become quite common. People travel for business, vacation, pleasure, adventure, or even medical treatment. The present-day tourist, who has higher levels of disposable income, international exposure, and refined tastes, wants specialized versions of products and services, such as quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays, or commercial hotels. This has led to a demand for better quality products and services, mainly regarding accommodation and travelling, thus feeding the growth of the hospitality industry as a whole. The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low-cost airlines, and more accessible airports have made tourism affordable and convenient. There have also been changes in lifestyle-for example, now retiree-age people sustain tourism round the year. The sales of tourism products on the Internet, besides the aggressive marketing of tour operators and travel agencies, have also contributed to the growth of tourism. With several business-related activities associated with tourism, the industry has a tremendous potential of generating employment as well as earning foreign exchange. There are many countries in the world, such as Mauritius, Malaysia, Singapore, Fiji, and Caribbean, whose economies are primarily driven by tourism. Tourism can contribute to the economic growth of a country in the following ways: Employment generation: It creates a large number of jobs among direct service providers (such as, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, tour operators, guide and tour escorts, etc.) and among indirect service providers (such as, suppliers to hotels and restaurants, supplementary accommodation, etc.). Infrastructure development: Tourism spurs infrastructure development. In order to become an important commercial or pleasure destination, any location would require all the necessary infrastructure, like good connectivity via rail, road, and air transport, adequate accommodation, restaurants, a well-developed telecommunication network, and medical facilities, among others. Foreign exchange: The people who travel to other countries spend a large amount of money on accommodation, transportation, sightseeing, shopping, etc. Thus, an inbound tourist is an important source of foreign exchange for any country. HOTELS DEFINITION AND CORE AREAS The term hotel was used for the first time by the fifth Duke of Devonshire to name a lodging property in London sometime in AD 1760. The word hotel is derived from the French hÃÆ' ´tel, which refers to a French version of townhouse. Historically in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and several other countries, a townhouse was the residence of a peer or an aristocrat in the capital or major cities. A hotel or an inn is defined by the British Law as a place where a bonafide traveller can receive food and shelter, provided he is in a position to pay for it and is in a fit condition to be received. Hence, a hotel must provide food (and beverage) and lodging to a traveller on payment, but the hotel has the right to refuse if the traveller is not presentable (either drunk, or disorderly, or unkempt) or is not in a position to pay for the services. Alternatively, a hotel may be defined as an establishment whose primary business is to provide lodging facilities to a genuine traveller along with food, beverage, and sometimes recreational facilities too on chargeable basis. Though there are other establishments such as hospitals, college hostels, prisons, and sanatoriums, which offer accommodation, they do not qualify as hotels since they do not cater to the specific needs of a traveller. A hotel is thus an establishment that provides paid accommodation, generally for a short duration of stay. Hotels often provide a number of additional guest services, such as restaurants, bar, swimming pool, healthcare, retail shops; business facilities like conference halls, banquet halls, board rooms; and space for private parties like birthdays, marriages, kitty parties, etc. Most of the modem hotels nowadays provide the basic facilities in a room-a bed, a cupboard, a small table, weather control (air conditioner or heater), and bathroom-along with other features like a telephone with STD/ISD facility, a television set with cable channel, and broadband/Wi-Fi Internet connectivity. There might also be a mini-bar containing snacks and drinks (the consumption of the same is added to the guests bill), and tea and coffee making unit having an electric kettle, cups, spoons, and sachets containing instant coffee, tea bags, sugar, and creamer. Areas of a Hotel: An Overview The organization of a hotel today is very complex and comprises various departments. The number of departments varies from one establishment to another. All departments may have their own managers, reporting to the general manager and the assistant general manager. The front office is where my principal research were held during this task: This department is headed by the front office manager, the front office department is the operational department that is responsible for welcoming and registering guests, allocating rooms, and helping guests check out. Uniformed services like concierge and bell desk, and EPBAX operators are part of the front office department. -Hotels are commercial establishment that provide accommodation, meals and other guest services. In general, to be called a hotel, an establishment must have a minimum of six guestsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ rooms, at least three of which must have attached private bathroom facilities. Although hotels are classified into `star` categories, there is no standard method of assigning these ratings, and compliance with customary requirements is voluntary. An American hotel with certain rating, for example, may look very different from a European or Asian hotel with the same rating, and would provide a different level of amenities, range of facilities, and quality of service. Although hotel chains assure uniform standards throughout, non-chain hotels (even within the same country) may not agree on the same standards. In the travel and tourism industry, the hotel industry plays a very significant role, as all tourists need a place to stay at their destinations, and require many more services and facilities to suit their specific needs and tastes. FUNCTIONS (FRONT OFFICE) Front office is the first department of the hotel with which guests come in contact at the time of their arrival and also the last department they interact with when they depart from the hotel. This department performs various functions like reservation, reception, registration, room assignment, and settlement of bills of a resident guest. This chapter is aimed at providing an understanding of the organization of the front office department. Here, we will study the various sections of the front office and their functions, the organization of the front office staff, and the qualities, attributes, duties and responsibilities of front office personnel. FUNCTION AREAS The front office personnel are mostly in direct contact with guests throughout their stay. Guests contact the front desk to book a room; check-in; inquire about hotel services, facilities, and about the city or surrounding areas; and finally, to settle bills and check out from the hotel. Apart from these services, the front desk also provides services like handling guest mails and messages, maintaining guest accounts, paging guests (locating guests within the hotel), arranging travel services, and various other services as per the guests requirement. The front office is the contact point between the guest, management, and other departments. It handles guests complaints, dispatches housekeeping and engineering requests, prints and files reports, receives and answers phone calls, and sends and receives faxes. Thus, the front office personnel perform the following functions: Sell hotel rooms to guests, which may be standard or deluxe rooms, executive or presidential suites, etc. Accept advance booking of hotel rooms through telephone, fax, e-mail, websites, etc. Receive and register guests when they arrive at the hotel and assign them rooms according to their preferences-smoking/non-smoking, pool view/ garden view/sea view, high floor/low floor, near the elevator/far from the elevator, etc. Maintain accurate room status information. Maintain guest accounts and monitor credit. Handle guests demands and complaints. Prepare account statements of guests. Settle bills at the time of check-out. Coordinate guest services like handling of guest mails and messages, locating guests within the hotel premises, connecting guest telephone calls, keeping guests valuables in safety deposit lockers, handling of room keys, making sundry payments on behalf of guests, and so on. Provide information about the hotels facilities and services, the city, important events, festivals and shows, and places of tourist interest. FRONT OFFICE LAYOUT -For the efficient and smooth functioning of a department, it is important to divide it in sections and delegate tasks accordingly. -The front office department is divided in sections: *Reservation / Reception / Information desk / Cash and bills / travel desk / Communication / Uniformed services (which include bell desk and concierge) -A well designed layout should involve proper space utilization, aimed at improving the efficiency and control of the staff. The front desk should be located at a prominent place in the lobby for example. -the hotel lobby is an area furnished with seating arrangements just inside the hotel, where hotel guests and their visitors can meet and wait. -located just beyond the entrance to the hotel, the lobby is the first and last point of guest contact with the hotel. -A well-appointed lobby creates an impression about the overall standard of the hotel in the eyes of the guests. RESERVATION While planning business or pleasure trips, people like to ensure that they will have a safe and comfortable accommodation at their respective destinations. This can be achieved by booking a room of their choice in advance. . The reservation section of the front office department of a hotel is responsible for receiving and processing reservation queries. Depending upon the level of automation, volume of business, and house customs, the procedure of processing reservation queries may differ from hotel to hotel in terms of reservations handling, maintenance of reservation records, confirmation, amendment, and cancellation of reservations. This section is headed by a reservation manager, who is assisted by a reservation supervisor and a team of reservation clerks or assistants. Layout of the Reservation Section The location of the reservation section depends upon the size of hotel and the volume of business of the hotel. In a very small hotel, the function of reservations can be performed by the front desk. In a large hotel, a separate section is needed, which should preferably be located behind the reception counter and should have a communication door between the reception and reservation sections. Functions of the Reservation Section The following functions are performed by the reservation section: -Receiving reservation requests through various means like telephone, fax, e-mail, websites, sales representatives, or central reservations department. -Processing reservation requests received from all means on the hotel property management system (PMS). -Depending upon the availability of desired room type and projected sales during and around the requested stay dates, the reservation, waitlisted, or denied. -Updating the room availability status after each reservation transaction, i.e., after each confirmation, amendment and cancellation. -Maintaining and updating reservation records to reflect accurate information about room status. -Preparing reservation reports for the management. RECEPTION This section of the front office receives and welcomes guests on their arrival in the hotel. It is headed by a supervisor and comprises a team of receptionists and front desk assistants. The personnel of this section procure all the necessary information about the guest to complete the registration process. After finishing the registration formalities, a room is assigned to the guest, and a bell boy carries the luggage and escorts the guest to her room. The entire process is carried out professionally in a warm and friendly atmosphere. Layout of the Reception Section The reception section is located in close proximity to the entrance of the hotel. The layout of the section depends upon the size of the hotel and the volume of business generated by it. The front desk assistant carries out many tasks like receiving guests, registration, etc.; hence, the reception area should be designed in such a way to assist the staff in performing their tasks efficiently and effectively. The front desk may be circular, L-shaped, curved, or straight depending upon the requirement. Functions of Reception The following functions are performed by the reception section of hotel: -Receiving and welcoming guests. -Completing the registration formalities. -Assigning the room. -Sending arrival notification slips to the concerned departments. INFORMATION DESK As the name suggests, the information desk provides information to guests. It is manned by an information assistant. In a small hotel, the same function may be performed by the receptionist. The need of a separate information desk is felt in large hotels where the traffic of guests is higher. The information desk may be located next to the reception. Functions of Information Desk Some of the functions of the information desk are as under: -Maintaining resident guest rack. -Handling guest room keys. -Coordinating guest mails, telegrams, faxes, couriers, parcels, etc. -Providing information to guests regarding hotel facilities and services, city information, etc. -Handling guests messages. -Paging guests. CASH AND BILLS The cash and bills section records all the monetary transactions of guests. It maintains guest folios and prepares the guest bills to be settled by the guest at the time of departure. This section is headed by a cashier. Functions of the Cash and Bills Section This section performs the following tasks: -Opening and maintaining of guest folios. -Posting room charges in guest folios. -Recording all credit charges in guest folios. -Maintaining a record of the cash received from guests. -Preparing bills at the time of check-out. -Receiving cash/travellers cheques/demand draft for account settlement. -Handling credit! debit! charge cards for the settlement of a guest account. -Organizing foreign currency exchange for the settlement of a guest account. Travel Desk The travel desk takes care of travel arrangements of guests, like air-ticketing, railway reservations, sightseeing tours, airport or railway station pick up or drop, etc. The hotel may operate the travel desk or it may be outsourced to an external travel agency. Functions of Travel desk The travel desk performs the following tasks: -Arranging pick-up and drop services for guests at the time of their arrival and departure. -Providing vehicles on request to guests at pre-determined rates (charged kilometre/hour wise and depend on the kind and size of vehicle used- premium cars, semi-luxury cars, coaches, mini vans, etc.) -Making travel arrangements like railway reservations/ cancellations/ amendments, or purchasing air-tickets for guests. -Organizing half-day or full-day sightseeing tours in and around the city. -Arranging for guides who can communicate in the guests language. COMMUNICATION SECTION The communication section maintains the communication network of the hotel, which is generally quite complex. The hotel may have its own private branch exchange (PBX), along with post and telegraph lines. Earlier all outgoing calls were routed through the telephone operator. This was done to ensure proper accounting of outgoing calls. Switchboard operators were required to place wake- up calls, monitor automated systems, and coordinate emergency communications. Recent technological advancement in telecommunications has revolutionized the way hotels operations are run. Now guests are able to make outgoing calls without routing them through the operator. There is a computerized call accounting system that charges the outgoing calls to the guests account. Wake-up calls may also be registered on the system, which dials the guests extension at the pre-registered time and plays a pre-recorded message when answered. So hotels can now manage with lesser number of telephone operators per shift. The telephone operators, who answer incoming calls, protect the guests privacy and contribute to the hotels security programme by not revealing guest room numbers to any unauthorized person. Many hotels also provide guest paging services over the public address system. These systems generally operate through the communications section. Functions of Communication Desk The duties of the telephone operator include: -Answering incoming calls. -Directing calls to guest rooms through the switchboard/PABX system. -Providing information on guest services. -Processing guest wake-up calls. -Answering inquiries about hotel facilities and events. -Protecting guests privacy. -Coordinating emergency communication. . UNIFORMED SERVICES The uniformed services in the hotel include the bell desk team and the concierge. Bell Desk The bell desk is located very close to the main entrance of the hotel. This section is headed by a bell captain, who leads a team of bell boys (also called bellhops) and page boys. They handle the guest luggage from the guest vehicle to the lobby and to guest rooms at the time of arrival and from their rooms to the guest vehicle at the time of departure. They escort guests to their rooms and familiarize them with hotel facilities, safety features, as well as in-room facilities. The bell desk person is the last front desk employee who comes in contact with guests at the time of their departure. Functions of bell desk The bell desk is responsible for the following tasks: -Handling guest luggage at the time of arrival and departure -Escorting guests to their rooms on arrival. -Familiarizing guests about safety features and in-room facilities. -Providing information to guests about hotel facilities and services when asked. -Locating a guest in a specified area of the hotel. -Posting guest mails. -Making sundry purchases like postage stamps, medicine etc. for the guest. -Keeping guest luggage in the left luggage room if requested by the guest. à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ -Checking if in-room amenities are in their original condition at the time of departure of guests. CONCIERGE A concierge is a hotel employee who provides information and personalized services to guests like dinner reservations, tour and travel arrangements, and obtaining tickets for special events in the city, etc. A concierge is often expected to achieve the impossible, dealing with any request a guest may have, relying on an extensive list of personal contacts with various local merchants and service providers. The concept of concierges came from the days of European royalty; the concierge was the castle doorkeeper in those times. His duty was to ensure that all castle occupants were safe in their rooms at night. When the royal families travelled, they often took their concierges with them for security and for making food and lodging arrangements. As the hotel industry grew, concierges became a part of the hotel staff to provide personalized services to hotel guests. Functions of concierge The concierge provides the following services to guests: -Making reservations for dining in famous restaurants. -Obtaining tickets for theatres, musicals, sporting events, etc. -Arranging for transportation by limousine, car, coaches, buses, airplanes, or trains. -Providing information on cultural and social events like photo exhibitions, art shows, and local places of tourist interest. ++++++++++++++++++++++ GUEST CYCLE The guests of a hotel have four main stages interaction with the hotel à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ at pre-arrival / arrival / stay / departure. All guests go through the same procedure as they proceed from reservation to arrival and allotment of rooms, to their stay in the hotel, to the settlement of their bills and departure from the hotel, these various stages of activities constitute the guest cycle. PRE-ARRIVAL The interaction between a guest and a hotel before the guest arrives at the hotel forms the pre-arrival phase of the guest cycle. Reservation is the most important pre-arrival activity. During this phase, the guest first selects a hotel for stay. The guests choice about a particular hotel is affected by factors. Like advertisements, recommendations from family and friends, previous experience with the hotel, reputation, location, contractual agreement with the hotel, etc. Once a hotel has been chosen, the guest or a person designated by him (who could be his secretary or spouse or a travel agent) contacts the selected hotel through telephone, e- mail, or fax for reserving a room for the period of his proposed stay. The reservation request is received by the reservation staff, whose efficiency and competence in handling the request creates a good first impression of the hotel in the mind of the guest. Before confirming a reservation, the hotel may ask for a credit card guarantee or an advance deposit from the guest. In case of high occupancy periods, guests are requested to pay retention charges. This is to ensure minimum loss to the hotel in case of any last moment cancellations or no shows. Once the retention charges have been paid, the room is reserved or blocked for the guest for the required stay dates. The hotel also makes note of any special arrangements to be made, like a wheelchair and a barrier free room; airport or railway station transfers; an extra bed or crib in the room; etc. Thus the functions of the front office in the pre-arrival phase include: Processing the reservation request of the guest. Creation of guest folio (in case the hotel has received any advance payment). Blocking the room for the guest. Making special arrangements for the guest (if required). The data collected during the process of reservation can be utilized in future front office and sales activities. A well-managed reservation system can maximize the room sales and revenue by constantly monitoring the room status and forecasting the room revenue. ARRIVAL Guests have their first face-to-face interaction with the hotel staff on their arrival at the hotel. This is a very critical stage as guests form an opinion about the standards and services that the hotel can provide to them. During this phase, guests are greeted by the front desk staff and the registration process begins. The guests are asked to verify the details printed in the registration card these details are generated from the information received in the pre-arrival stage. The registration activity is an agreement between the hotel and the guest, whereby the hotel offers the accommodation product and services to the guest, and the guest agrees to pay for the services received. A hotel might pre-register guests (i.e., register guests before their arrival) like VIPs, groups, airline crews, and frequent guests. Once the guests have been registered with the hotel, they are assigned a room at the negotiated room rate. The guest is then shown to their room and their luggage is brought to the room by the bell desk. If any mails or messages have arrived at the hotel before the arrival of the guest, they are given to her. Thus the functions of the front office on the arrival of a guest include: -Reception and welcome of the guest -Registration of the guest -Room rate and room assignment to the guest. -Handing over the room key to the guest. -Luggage handling of the guest by bell desk. -Delivering the mails and messages that the hotel has received on behalf of the guest. The front office staff maintains lists of expected arrivals and departures on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. They keep updating these lists, along with the arrival and departure details, and keep the other departments informed of any changes in the schedule of guests. This is very essential to provide a flawless service to guests and to avoid embarrassing situations like not arranging for the pick-up of a guest, or not having the room ready in time and making the guest wait for it. STAY During this stage the guest gets a first-hand experience of the facilities and services offered by the hotel. These services and facilities are the most important part of a guests overall experience at a hotel. An excellent level of services would lead to the satisfaction of the guest, which would make him, come back to the hotel and give positive feedback to other potential customers. The front office is the interface between the guest and the other departments of the hotel, so it must coordinate well

Telecommunications :: Telephone Radio Television Microwave Satellite

The transmission of words, sounds, images, or data in the form of electronic or electromagnetic signals or impulses. Transmission media include the telephone (using wire or optical cable), radio, television, microwave, and satellite. Data communication, the fastest growing field of telecommunication, is the process of transmitting data in digital form by wire or radio. Digital data can be generated directly in a 1/0 binary code by a computer or can be produced from a voice or visual signal by a process called encoding. A data communications network is created by interconnecting a large number of information sources so that data can flow freely among them. The data may consist of a specific item of information, a group of such items, or computer instructions. Examples include a news item, a bank transaction, a mailing address, a letter, a book, a mailing list, a bank statement, or a computer program. The devices used can be computers, terminals (devices that transmit and receive information), and peripheral equipment such as printers (see Computer; Office Systems). The transmission line used can be a normal or a specially purchased telephone line called a leased, or private, line (see Telephone). It can also take the form of a microwave or a communications-satellite linkage, or some combination of any of these various systems. Hardware and Software Each telecommunications device uses hardware, which connects a device to the transmission line; and software, which makes it possible for a device to transmit information through the line. Hardware Hardware usually consists of a transmitter and a cable interface, or, if the telephone is used as a transmission line, a modulator/demodulator, or modem. A transmitter prepares information for transmission by converting it from a form that the device uses (such as a clustered or parallel arrangement of electronic bits of information) to a form that the transmission line uses (such as, usually, a serial arrangement of electronic bits). Most transmitters are an integral element of the sending device. A cable interface, as the name indicates, connects a device to a cable. It converts the transmitted signals from the form required by the device to the form required by the cable. Most cable interfaces are also an integral element of the sending device. A modem converts digital signals to and from the modulated form required by the telephone line to the demodulated form that the device itself requires. Modems transmit data through a telephone line at various speeds, which are measured in bits per second (bps) or as signals per second (baud). Modems can be either integral or external units. An external unit must be connected by cable to the sending device.

Philosophy and Ethics Essay

What is Ethics? Ethics is a branch of philosophy, which is the study of what is right and wrong. Ethics is an action of feeling. If you are walking on the street and you see a homeless person, you would ask yourself questions like this: How should I act? Should I help or ignore? When making decision how to ask and listen to your feelings what is wrong or right to is called â€Å"Ethics†. There are many examples that can describe ethics, but people like to explain ethics in an easy way in which everyone can be talking and everyone can be involved in this topic, such as law. By asking questions like: Can laws be wrong? Do laws apply to every citizen in Canada? Why do we need laws? Can laws be changed? These are the kind of questions that can explain ethics. Ethics come from a Greek word â€Å"Ethos†, which means character. This tells that ethics study the action that can be good or bad. The term â€Å"ethics† is often call â€Å"morals†, which comes from a Latin word  "mores†, which means character, habit or custom. Ethics is identifying as morality in philosophy. Why ethics is important to study? Ethics is very important for human life. Ethics teach you how to act. Without ethics, our actions would be unplanned and pointless. If we want to be successful in our life we can do this in only one way and this way is learning about ethics. Everyday people are dealing with ethics and moral issue. For example, you didn’t do your homework last night what should you do should you tell your teacher the truth or should you lie say that you forgot your homework at home or do a bit of both, if your not sure what to do, then this a good chance to learned it study in class. If we study ethics deep it will help are know better for the future and will help us to be successful in life by knowing what right and wrong. What is Metaphysics? Metaphysics comes to us from Ancient Greece – meta, meaning higher – beyond earth physics or invisible physics. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy, which study what is reality. It answers the question â€Å"What is?†. American philosopher Wilfrid Sellars said that metaphysics is the study of how things hang together, and many other philosopher have called it as the first philosophy. So, metaphysics study reality, what can be meaning of life, and if we can talk about the thing that don’t exist. Why is Metaphysics important? Metaphysics is the heart of philosophy. Without a clarification or an interpretation of the world around us, we would be helpless to deal with experience Metaphysics tells if the reality is absolute. It has a specific kind self-regulating of our thoughts or feelings. The world around us is real. Metaphysics is very I important to be study in class because it makes you think more and tells you what reality what should you know or believe that it true. What is Epistemology? Epistemology is the study of knowledge. It answers the question, â€Å"How do we know?† it can be concepts, logical reasoning, as well as thoughts, ideas, memories, emotions, and all things mental. It is describe how mind is related to reality, and whether these relationships are usable or unacceptable. Why is Epistemology important? Epistemology is the clarification of how we think. It is needed in order to be able to decide the true from the false. It is needed in order to use and find the knowledge of the world. Without epistemology, we could not think. We would not be able to distinguish truth from error. Epistemology is correct is the step to which we could understand reality. We all go to school to get some education which means knowledge is have knowledge you are a genius why not studying in class this discipline and learned why do we need to know things why do they help to know more. How does knowledge make our lifes easier. What is Aesthetics? Esthetics is the study of art, and beauty. It also, tells the meaning of art and the importance of art. Why is Aesthetics important? It is important to know what is Aesthetics because it is everywhere in everyday life. You see e person you will say is the person is beautiful or not, if so, what makes it beautiful. It makes you think more, and it also teach you how to judge art and beauty. What is social and Political Philosophy? Is the study of how people can regulate and organized their selves. Social philosophy talks about variety of subjects, from individual meanings to legality of laws. Political philosophy is the study of questions about the city, government, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law a legal code and explain how do they work. Why is Social and Political Philosophy Important? It is important to know about Social and Political Philosophy because the main point of a country that maintain regulation is politic such as law, rights, freedom every Canadian citizen should have knowledge on this topic and see how they affect people. What is the Philosophy of Science? The Philosophy of Science is the study of science and how science work and why do we need it to know it and explains what is science, it also tells if there is any science or there is just philosophy. Why Philosophy of Science is important? As we know since has changed people lifes and has make a better life for everyone, so it is important to know we came till here and what can we do for future to make it better, as we all use computers has been having a big affect in our lifes why not trying to know how it is important for us.